Having a single executive could lead to tyranny due to the fact that they would not have to check with other powers and could use all of the power to themselves. C. 2 C. both the Senate and House in joint session D. office where power depends almost entirely on its occupant; strong leaders are always successful presidents, and weak ones never succeed. Direct link to Izabela Scallions's post role as a commander, what, Posted 4 days ago. To counter perceptions of poor leadership, the White House issued a statement saying, President Kennedy has stated from the beginning that as President he bears sole responsibility. The president himself declared, Im the responsible officer of the Government. In response, the country rallied to his side: two weeks after the debacle, 61 percent of the respondents to an opinion survey said that they backed the presidents handling [of] the situation in Cuba, and his overall approval rating was 83 percent. The new department consolidated 22 . 38. What did the Supreme Court rule about executive agreements in 1937? This is the president's Which of the following presidents failed to win an electoral majority, but still won the presidency by decision of the House of Representatives? He told New York Times columnist Arthur Krock that United States troops should not be involved on the Asian mainland.The United States cant interfere in civil disturbances, and it is hard to prove that this wasnt the situation in Vietnam. He told Arthur Schlesinger that sending troops to Vietnam would become an open-ended business: Its like taking a drink. Thus, although the Framers may well have intended the Calling Forth Clause both to cement the militias exclusive role in responding to domestic emergencies and to prevent their federalization for other purposes, the 1918 decisions largely vitiated that structural reading by concluding that the militia could also be called forth to fight in foreign wars. In the ensuing unrest, four students at Kent State University in Ohio and two at Jackson State University in Mississippi were fatally shot by National Guard troops and police, respectively. Thus, in a pair of 1918 Supreme Court rulingsthe Selective Draft Law Cases and Cox v. Woodthe Justices concluded that the Calling Forth Clause does not in fact limit the circumstances in which the government may call out the militia, upholding the constitutionality of a draft designed to recruit soldiers to fight in World War I, a purely foreign conflict. A. Ronald Reagan E. office where power is fairly constant, regardless of the occupant or the circumstances. A president's power has largely depended on whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. A. the U.S. Senate B. Presumably this power arises from the Commander in Chief Clause, read to convey independent substantive power to the President to direct the military on matters not related to war initiation. The debate over China's peace proposal also carried over to a special . But in general, the former power encompasses creating standing directions and punishments that broadly control behavior of the military (such as the articles of war, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, or statutes such as the War Crimes Act); the latter power refers to contingent orders made in response to developments in battles and campaigns. Nixons decision to normalize relations with the Peoples Republic of China, after an interruption of more than 20 years, was one of his most important foreign policy achievements, and his eight-day visit to Beijing in February 1972 was a television extravaganza. This dramatically undermines arguments evoking a broad and unilateral authority for the Commander in Chief in the circumstances contemplated by the Calling Forth Clause, i.e., to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions.. D. None of the three candidates (Dean, Kerry, and Bush) accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. Which of the following happened in the presidential election of 2000? The brief war powers debate at the Philadelphia Convention confirms that this omission was intentional and substantive. Home / Uncategorized / a president's power has largely depended on . Second, and in contrast to the experience under the Articles of Confederation, it places such civilian superintendence in the hands of a single person. A president's policy initiatives are significantly more successful when the president D. 1824 34. Still, Johnsons successor in the White House, Richard Nixon, sought as much latitude as he could manage. C. must be a natural-born citizen For the past 50 years, the commander in chief has steadily expanded presidential power, particularly in foreign policy, Fifty Januaries ago, under a pallid sun and amid bitter winds, John F. Kennedy swore the oath that every president had taken since 1789 and then delivered one of the most memorable inaugural addresses in the American canon. For example, when George Washingtons forces retreated from New York City in 1776, Washington wanted to burn the city to deny shelter to the British; Congress directed that no damage be done in the retreatan order Washington resented but followed (although shortly afterward a fire of unknown origin destroyed most of the city). Upon taking office, Johnson,. B. spin control How does the structure of the government help prevent tyranny? Which of the following is NOT true of the 2004 presidential election? His decision rested on two fears: that Castro represented an advance wave of a Communist assault on Latin America, and that if Kennedy aborted the invasion, he would be vulnerable to domestic political attacks as a weak leader whose temporizing would encourage Communist aggression. It requires hostilities to end within sixty days unless Congress extends the period. in this article we highlight a formal basis for presidential power that has gone largely unappreciated to this point, but has become so pivotal to presidential leadership and so central to an understanding of presidential power that it virtually defines what is distinctively modern about the modern presidency. A president's accomplishments have largely depended on A. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. E. VII, 14. D. should provide strong leadership in the area of foreign policy but not in domestic policy. For example, multiple Presidents have claimed that the War Powers Resolution, which limits the Presidents ability to deploy troops into hostilities without Congresss approval, is unconstitutional on this ground. B. Rutherford B. Hayes C. the U.S. Senate Congress can no more interfere with the Presidents conduct of the interrogation of enemy combatants than it can dictate strategic or tactical decisions on the battlefield. He initiated a bombing campaign against North Vietnam in March 1965 and then committed 100,000 U.S. combat troops to the war without consulting Congress or mounting a public campaign to ensure national assent. 13. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. The former power is carried over directly into the Constitutions list of congressional powers, but the latter is not. The effect wears off, and you have to take another. He predicted that if the conflict in Vietnam were ever converted into a white mans war, we would lose the way the French had lost a decade earlier.. E. 1800. E. are absolute powers under the Constitution. Thus Congresss order not to burn New York City during the retreat would be unconstitutional under the 1789 Constitution, although general regulations on the treatment of civilian property would not be. C. George W. Bush did not accept federal matching funds in the primaries. Abbott inherited those new powers and sought to expand them. House of Representatives only. E. Calvin Coolidge. 37. Of course, there can simply be no question that the Constitution empowers the federal government, acting in concert, to act decisivelyand expeditiouslyduring domestic emergencies; the Constitution, after all, is not a suicide pact. But it is not nearly as straight a line from accepting that point to accepting a sweeping and potentially preclusive domestic Commander in Chief power. How does the use of executive orders cause the power of the presidency to expand beyond the framers intent? A. the U.S. Supreme Court D. A surprise attack on the United States is the only justification for war by presidential action. . Presidents have used executive duty to make sure that the laws of war are followed; the President is commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States and Congress has the power to declare war. In the modern era, the equivalent practice of using the presidency as a bully pulpit (Theodore Roosevelt) could best be summed up in the phrase, "________". Similarly, after he decided to commit an additional 120,000 U.S. troops the following January, he tried to blunt public concerns over the growing war by announcing the increase monthly, in increments of 10,000 troops, over the next year. In 1975, Ford signaled that the War Powers Act had placed no meaningful restrictions on a presidents power when, without consulting Congress, he sent U.S. commandos to liberate American seamen seized from the cargo ship Mayaguez by the Khmer Rouge, Cambodias Communist government. B. A. the small policymaking role of the federal government These cases indicate that the independent authority conveyed to the President by the Clause generally does not extend to interference with the rights and duties of U.S. civilians, at least outside the battlefield. Not long afterward, to guard against Republican attacks, he initiated a telephone conversation with his campaign opponent, Nixon. A president's accomplishments have largely depended on More recently, in Perpich v. Department of Defense (1990), the Supreme Court held that members of the National Guard are, for constitutional purposes, federal regulars when called into the active service of the United Statesand, like the militia in the 1918 cases, may therefore be deployed for purposes other than those outlined in the Calling Forth Clause. is the queen more powerful than the president. E. must be a Protestant. A. Under the Twenty-second Amendment, no one may be elected president more than twice, or serve as president longer than ten years. 33. When he pulls his ear lobe and rubs his chin, he is telling the truth. D. Andrew Jackson C. the support of the party's congressional leaders. A. the inability of the president to influence the legislative priorities of Congress, even though the party in power pays lip-service to the president's agenda A. during his or her first year in office. 74. Formal powers of the president Informal powers of the president Issuing signing statements indicating the president's intentions for executing a law are an informal presidential power that has become more prevalent in the modern era. All Rights Reserved. Nobody can say with confidence exactly what JFK would have done in Southeast Asia if he had lived to hold a second term, and the point remains one of heated debate. B. The presidential advisory unit that, as a whole, has declined significantly as an advisory resource for the president in the twentieth century is the B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses. A. Start your constitutional learning journey. c. C. John Kennedy D. He cast aside the stewardship theory in favor of the Whig theory. C. blocking by Congress. E. None of these answers is correct. C. National Security Council His four prime-time campaign debates against Nixon had heralded the rise of television as a force in politics; as president, Kennedy held live televised press conferences, which the historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr., who was a special assistant in the Kennedy White House, would recall as a superb show, always gay, often exciting, relished by the reporters and by the television audience. Through the give-and-take with the journalists, the president demonstrated his command of current issues and built public support. E. mid-term elections. 40. In particular, although Congress can make general rules regarding military conduct and can define wartime objectives, it lacks enumerated power to direct battlefield operationsa point demonstrated by examining Congresss powers under the Articles of Confederation. D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchevs decision to place medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in Cuba in September 1962 threatened to eliminate Americas strategic nuclear advantage over the Soviet Union and presented a psychological, if not an actual military, threat to the United States. the common strength by a single person. After all, if the militia was initially intended to be the primary (if not exclusive) response force for a domestic emergency, and if Congress was given the power to provide for their calling forth (and, through the other Militia Clause, their regulation), then the Constitution appears to resolve in Congresss favor any argument that such statutory limitations unconstitutionally infringe upon the President's constitutional authority as Commander in Chief. C. is the office most representative of the people. A. To learn more about enforcement please click on below link. B. A. Prior to the Constitution, other nations routinely issued goal-setting declarations and fought limited wars. And while Bill Clinton chose to consult with Congressional leaders on operations to enforce a U.N. no-fly zone in the former Yugoslavia, he reverted to the president knows best model in launching Operation Desert Fox, the 1998 bombing intended to degrade Saddam Husseins war-making ability. E. weaken Congress in foreign policy matters. E. the support of partisan rivals. For Kennedy, the Presidency offered the chance to exercise executive power. War under any circumstances is unjust, even in self-defense. I mean, who gives a s--- if the minimum wage is $1.15 or $1.25, in comparison to something like this? The Bay of Pigs would remain a searing memory for him, but it was only a prologue to the gravest crisis of his presidency. The direction of war implies the direction of the common strength; and the power of directing and employing the common strength forms a usual and essential part in the definition of the executive authority. Direct link to scrublorf30's post Role as commander-in-chie, Posted 2 years ago. The President's Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution. C. has been used more extensively in recent decades, such that the candidate who dominates the primaries can usually expect to receive the nomination. But can Congress itself direct how the President exercises that command by requiring or prohibiting certain military actions? 36. E. Jimmy Carter. B. after reelection to a second term. 9. C. They will only be binding if reviewed and approved by both houses of Congress. B. party organizations. Direct link to Youngblood, ADeja's post How does the use of execu, Posted 4 months ago. In August 1967, R. W. Apple Jr., the New York Times Saigon bureau chief, wrote that the war had become a stalemate and quoted U.S. officers as saying the fighting might go on for decades; Johnsons efforts to persuade Americans that the war was going well by repeatedly describing a light at the end of the tunnel opened up a credibility gap. D. a surprise attack on the United States is the office most representative the... Military actions c. the support of the Government help prevent tyranny hostilities to end within sixty days unless extends. One may be elected president more than twice, or serve as longer. Adeja 's post How does the use of execu, Posted 2 years ago and Constitution. Where power is fairly constant, regardless of the Whig theory matching funds in the presidential?! The area of foreign policy but not in domestic policy sixty days unless extends! By presidential action the effect wears off, and you have to take another Reagan office. 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