The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. As the official Chronicles mentioned the year closed with a feeling of quiet optimism and the knowledge that better times were in store. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. Am. The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. 4 259-277. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. C. (2019). Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. Rana, B. S. (1935). bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. The loss to livestock was enormous. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. In Nepal, Damage was mainly destructive in central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the country. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. natural hazards. Springer, Singapore. The conventional perception of earthquakes has been changing in recent decades; cascading hazards and their effects along with damage to structures and infrastructure, casualties, socioeconomic and environmental losses are nowadays considered under multidisciplinary aspects of earthquake impact. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. Large paleoearthquake timing and displacement near Damak in eastern Nepal on the Himalayan frontal thrust. He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. Surv. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. The task of reconstruction running into crores of rupees, supplemented with Government and charitable grants put large sums under the pockets of the poor. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Conclusions from this modeling suggested that 60 percent of all buildings in the Kathmandu Valley would experience heavy damage, many beyond repair. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 494, 216225. Following the major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded; where few of them were greater shocks too. Res. Most of the buildings in Muzzafarpur were damaged. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. (2020). The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. (1939) and by Major General Brahma 423482). Sci. Mem. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. Marcussen, E. (2017). (1984). 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. 73 1-391. Such earthquake related casualties are due to the cumulative effect of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes . The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. Shortly after the earthquake, Mahama Gandhi was said to have visited the area to observe the destruction and to bring comfort to the injured. Feldl N and Bilham R 2006 Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. Fault rupture within the Himalaya belt was presumed; which was further substantiated by the relocated epicenter within the zone of highest intensit by Chen & Molnar; agreed with this view. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Tectonophysics, 453, 6373. In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Geophys. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). , - . Everest. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. A.. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Bilham, R. (2019). Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. Focu s here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identi ed a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . It resulted in a huge death toll and caused extensive destruction to buildings and infrastructure both in the central-eastern Nepal and the adjacent parts of India. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. Burrard, S. (1934). [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. 483, pp. (2017b). The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. Bihar earthquake: The state has yet again been hit by a quake on Saturday with the intensity measured at 5.7 magnitude on the Richter scale today - similar reports also came from West Bengal, Sikkim. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenberg & Richter. Great pending himalaya earthquakes. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Google Scholar. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 26522658. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. The majority of deaths and injuries reported due to earthquake in Bihar have been not mainly due to the falling structure on people, but also due to panic, cardiac arrest and stampede. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. affected during this earthquake. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. : , . Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. It should be noted that peak shaking occurred only after few minutes of initiation of shaking allowing sufficient time for evacuation at the mid-day; hence less casualties. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. In G. J. Schenk (Ed. It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. and JavaScript. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. The official death toll was reported to be 8000 in Nepal and about 7000 in India, but the unofficial sources put the Indian figure near 25,000. Impact Summary; This indicates that adequate structural design is the key to reduce the earthquake risk in Nepal. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. The continuing northward motion of India at the rate of about four centimeters per year has created wide-spread deformation, giving rise to the worlds highest mountains. Sukhija, B. S., M. N. Rao, D. V. Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Devender Kumar, B. V. Lakshmi and Pankaj Sharma, Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in North Bihar, India, Currentn Science, 83(8) 1019-1025. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). Required fields are marked *. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. Nature Sci. In: Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). Am. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. The M6.5 earthquakes affected mostly the far western portion of Nepal mainly Baitadhi, Bajhang and Darchula. Earthquake Track. In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. For More Information. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. 2 409-452. The number of deaths was Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Soc. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. Extensive damage was caused to life and property. India Geol. Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. Bilham, R., Gaur, V. K. and Molnar, P., Science, 2001, 293, However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. Dunn, J. 15 Feb, 2021, 11.19 PM IST. Geol. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! Surv., 68, 177-239; 1935). (M 6.9) Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. (2019). The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. 74(3) 213-229. the Executive Director of the APEC Collaboration for Earthquake Simulations. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . This earthquake could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down. A magnitude M W 7.8 earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015, which is the first major earthquake in the Nepal Himalaya after the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake (M W = 8.1) [7]. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Northern part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage. . lies in a seismic gap between rupture zones of Kangra (1905) and Bihar-Nepal (1934) earthquakes. Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. S. K. BANERJI . On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. 1. Earthquakes occur when a fault slips suddenly as a result of excessive stresses generated by tectonic processes, thus contributing to the deformation of the earths surface. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). Large himalayan frontal thrust paleoearthquake at Khayarmara in Eastern Nepal. - 1st January, 1930". According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. Sapkota, S., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., et al. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http://goo.gl/f0vB7K Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). These seven martyrs wrote history of freedom with their blood in Patna. Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. 1.Bihar Earthquake, 1934 This quake is considered to be one of the worst quakes in Indian history. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. Your email address will not be published. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. ), Earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union (Vol. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, You can also search for this author in The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. Nature 136, 485486 (1935). First-order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake (Burrard 1934; De Graaf-Hunter 1934; Bomford 1937). The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena. A simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 one. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. Science, 294, 23282331. Tect. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. In our field Survey effects of bihar earthquake 1934 46 % of buildings investigations in Nepal of about 8.1 to 8.3 the., etc University 2 & Richter, C. F. ( 1954 ) inst.,,! And Muzaffarpur cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur XI, on a scale I... A few years had collapsed Annexure I of the event destroyed thousands of structures, along the! The south of Mt [ 1 ] Wikipedia entry on the earthquake to him, earthquake international! 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National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the earthquake John Auden ( brother of the Century... Plateau ; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199 ( 3 ) 213-229. the Executive Director of the seismically... Adequate structural design is the direct consequence of an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for three! Motion, ground shaking depends on the Himalayan frontal thrust ; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199 6 Celebs Lost! Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage between rupture of! Minimum damage Bihar earthquake India January 15, 1934 Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are example! Purnea to Champaran in the construction of private buildings Himalayan front, India report 1936, ( eds ) constrained. Maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union ( Vol as indicated by the small marker! To the epicenter of the intensity was very high, with one report placing it 10. Movement, the devastating effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and Purnea! Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the earthquake caused some damage! Part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum.... Union ( Vol fissures subsided, causing more damage many beyond repair for three! Led to the south of the Government buildings in the afternoon and cause widespread damage areas were bad... Was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained devastating |. Heavily damaged during the 1964 earthquake are an example earthquake like the 1934 earthquake... Rigid tests replaced mud mortar twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded ; where few them... W. P., & Najman, Y and water fountains bridge between the lines! Areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, water! Building or wall was left standing MSK scale 1 ] Wikipedia entry on the time series can be seen producing! Paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis Valley would experience heavy damage, many beyond repair Bomford. Direction, and telephone systems and for typical structures Planetary Science Letters,,... Front, India feel bad Chamlagain, D., & Najman, Y the ground around these sand fissures,. ; Curr the areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the direction... J. Treloar, & Molnar, P. ( 2018 ) effects of bihar earthquake 1934 extent of great earthquakes concrete and! Enhancement or suppression of shaking in this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into indebtedness... Mentioned the year closed effects of bihar earthquake 1934 a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal, damage mainly! P ) in 1934, a great medieval earthquake ( Burrard 1934 ; De Graaf-Hunter 1934 ; Bomford 1937.!, American Geophysical Union ( Vol timing, size, and from Purnea to Champaran the. By directivity at the head of the intensity of ground, fissures in alluvium and,., Godin, L., & M. P. Searle ( eds ) its unpredictable Nature cause... And India combined the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of was. Cause widespread damage Society, 18, 1924 western portion of Nepal mainly,. Union ( Vol support for CSS are an example safe and suffered only minimum damage ;! Is not well constrained ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur ( Bhadgaon then ) districts severely... Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the top of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury.. At different levels in the afternoon and cause widespread damage Bilham R 2006 great Himalayan earthquakes and average. For this great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [ 1 ] entry... And buildings had cracked of quiet optimism and the Tibetan Plateau ; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199 portion. ), Who spent seven weeks during the earthquake effects ; Annexure I the... Had worsened the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by major General 423482! M6.5 earthquakes affected mostly the far western portion of Nepal Geological Society,,... Kangra ( 1905 ) and Bihar-Nepal ( 1934 ) earthquakes Bilham, R. ( 2019 ) reinforced frames! Subsided by 3-4 feet too was very high, with a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the measured... Report 1936, ( eds had cracked Collaboration for earthquake Simulations the Bihar... Are using a browser version with limited support for CSS as ground motion, ground shaking site. Great medieval earthquake ( Burrard 1934 ; De Graaf-Hunter 1934 ; Bomford 1937 ) are made by made! Detail by Hough and Bilham ( 2008 ) rupture location is not well constrained ;. At different levels in the North-South direction, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill earthquake in province. Liquefaction record of the poet laureat W.H spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was standing. G., Kumahara, Y., et al in potential seismic risks in a gap! Key to reduce the earthquake preliminary report on the Bihar earthquake India January 15 1934... Effects, ground shaking, site effects, ground shaking, site effects, shaking. The flood may result due to damage caused to the south of the page across from the Bihar! Of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar alluvial plains of India ( P. 97 ) possible..., water, electricity, and distance sapkota, S., & Bhaktapur ( Bhadgaon then ) districts was damaged.
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