These compounds are hyponyms of their heads. In some cases, but the central meaning is not performed by the head. This argument would have to ignore the numerous occurrences of coordinate structures that lack a coordinator (asyndeton), however. Create and find flashcards in record time. The constituent identified as the head percolates its . used of a compound or construction (such as, Post the Definition of endocentric to Facebook, Share the Definition of endocentric on Twitter, More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes. ThoughtCo. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. (Albert Einstein, 1879-1955). There's an ocean of difference between the way people speak English in the US vs. the UK. Compound sentences are a combination of two or more ______________ clauses. Delivered to your inbox! In the word "textbook", we can say that it is a kind of book. Nordquist, Richard. Clauses that are exocentric include we heard her., @Charred - Is it really true that the head word gives the overall meaning of the phrase? Compounding (also known as composition or nominal composition) is important in linguistics because it allows for new words to be made and exists in most, if not all, languages. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. For example: white-collar, barefoot, highbrow etc. Headedness is shown most clearly by hyponymy: the compound as a whole is a hyponym of its head. What is a coordinative compound? A compound is a word that contains more than one root. So: bigmouth is transparent and exocentric (its not a kind of mouth, but its meaning can be guessed), and so are pickpocket and killjoy. Perhaps a phrase dictionary would help, but in either case, Im willing to bet that the compound words are more common. Semantic headedness typically serves as the primary criterion for compound endocentricity, i.e. "What Is an Exocentric Compound?" Though compound nouns are usually endocentric, a large number are exocentric. Complex Words in English,Routledge,2013. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Arcodia, Giorgio Francesco. Compound nouns can be written in three ways: open form, closed form and hyphenated form. For example, a newspaper is a kind of paper and a textbook is a kind of book. Endocentric constructions : When the resulting phrase or constituent belongs to the same class as its constituent. In C.-T. Huang, Y.-H. Li, & A. Simpson (Eds). Additionally, what are compound words examples? A compound noun describes a person, place, or thing. Let's take the compound word, lipstick, for example. That is a word or a group of words, which as a definable head. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Compounds are written sometimes as one word (sunglasses), sometimes as two hyphenated words (life-threatening), and sometimes as two separate words (football stadium). Depending on how we pronounce a word, this can change its meaning. In this sense, Bloomfield distinguishes between endocentric and exocentric constructions: This nomenclature is the one adopted by Ana Mara Barrenechea[1]to determine the functions that words can fulfill in a sentence, which allows her to see the functions that can be repeated within and between the Subject / Preached structures. Examples: The students are already in the classroom.-a room used to hold or conduct classes. his A compound word functioning as an adjective whose last element is in origin a noun. Therefore, the head of the compound tennis. 13-14. Acknowledging exocentric structure necessitates that one posit more nodes in the syntactic (or morphological) structure than one has actual words or morphs in the phrase or sentence at hand. 8 Which is the opposite of an exocentric construction? In flower book, for example, the head is book. As adjectives the difference between endocentric and exocentric is that endocentric is fulfilling the same grammatical role as one of its constituents while exocentric is not having the same part of speech as any of its constituent words. Compound Word: Endocentric vs. Exocentric Aze Linguistics 41.7K subscribers 377 14K views 2 years ago This video takes a look at the structure of Verb+Noun compounds across languages. The meanings will be related, or have similar origins, without being the same thing. Schwartz, Delmore. It is a requirement in X-bar theory that phrases be endocentric. For example, none of the words in the phrase on the table is an adverb, yet they combine to form a phrase having adverbial function. In this type, the central meaning of the word is carried by the head. The head word of the collocation is the word, if present, that directs the meaning. Who was the first doctor to transplant a heart? If a non-derivational approach is taken to syntactic structure, this can best be formalised with exocentric S dominated by the auxiliary in I. Endocentric compound is a type of compound in which one member functions as the head and the other as its modifier, attributing a property to the head. "Survey of Our National Phenomena." OB (C. 1) Endocentric compounds Katamba (1993: 311) said that, most compound in English are endocentric, they have a head. 2 - Cookbook is an endocentric compound. What is the head of an endocentric construction? 7.2 Compound Words Watch on Check Yourself 1. They're called exocentric because a scarecrow isn't a kind of crow and a redhead isn't a kind of head. Exocentric compound, where the thing that the compound refers to isn`t the same as the head. [7] Linguists often classify compound verbs in Chinese into five types: Subject-Predicate (SP), Verb-Object (VO), Verb-Complement (VC), Coordinative (VV), and Endocentric . What is a compound sentence and give an example. A and B offer different descriptions for the same thing or person. Thus, this author characterizes, in the first place,nonverbal endocentric constructions, constituted bynucleiandubordinate, which, in turn, can bemodifiers(direct or indirect) ordeclarative forms(what we traditionally call apposition). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The English compounds newspaper, textbook, classroom, handbag and bookstore are examples of endocentric compounds. '", "[Barry]Humphries, whose act combineslowbrowantics with a highbrow aesthetic, is both well educated and well read, as the range of images and references in his conversation displays.". is that endocentric is (grammar|of a phrase or compound word) fulfilling the same grammatical role as one of its constituents while exocentric is (linguistics|of a phrase or compound) not having the same part of speech as any of its constituent words. Ricketson, Matthew,The BestAustralian Profiles,editedby Matthew Ricketson. Adjectives as Nouns, Mainly as Attested in Boethius Translations From Old to Modern English and in Modern German. Basically you are talking about nouns and their qualifiers. Click to see full answer. Ask students to think of as many words as possible which start with the combining form micro- meaning 'small'. the categorical part that contains the basic meaning of the whole compound, and modifiers, which restrict this meaning. Headed compounds are compounds which have an internal centre (it is called endocentric), for examples like blackboard, greenstone, etc. The relation between the members of an endocentric compound can be schematized as AB is (a) B. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The central meaning of each one is carried by the second word of the compound. The compound also retains the primary syntactic features of boat, since both are nouns. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These compounds are hyponyms of their heads. 7 Whats the difference between an endocentric and an exocentsric construction? What are the following compounds made up of? Now consider the word "redhead". Scalise, S., Fbregas, A., & Forza, F. (2009). The English compounds newspaper, textbook, classroom, handbag and bookstore are examples of endocentric compounds. Thus, examples below called exocentric, An endocentric construction consists of an obligatory head and one or more dependents, For example: big house - Noun phrase (NP) sing songs - Verb phrase (VP) very long - Adjective phrase (AP) The traditional binary division [5] of the sentence (S) into a . The same goes for scarecrow, a figure created to scare birds away from crops, and paperback, which is a type of book. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Of or relating to a compound word whose referent is the same as the referent of one of its constituent parts. These are compounds which have two semantic heads, you can recognize them by possibility of adding "and" between the two heads . Definition of endocentric : having the same grammatical function as one of its immediate constituents that does not modify the other immediate constituent used of a compound or construction (such as blackbird, which is like bird in function, or my little Mary, which is like Mary in function) compare exocentric ALL IN FAVO(U)R OF THIS BRITISH VS. AMERICAN ENGLISH QUIZ. And exocentric (C. [1] The distinction reaches back at least to Bloomfield's work of the 1930s,[2] who based it on terms by Pini and Patajali in Sanskrit grammar. The word compoundingcomes from the Latincomponere, which means what? Its 100% free. The distinction between the two is clear (now). (2019: 48-50). That is, what it is about here is to see if a construction has the same category as its core. This is an endocentric noun. Singer-songwriter is a singer who is also a songwriter. (Joseph Heller, 1923-1999). adjective Of or relating to a compound word whose referent is the same as the referent of one of its constituent parts. use of the endocentric compound. In an exocentric construction, the words are not syntactically related, and so words can be removed and there will still be a meaning. 2-Min Summary. Are your language skills up to the task of telling the difference? : not having the same grammatical function as a nonmodifying immediate constituentused of a compound (such as barefoot, which is unlike foot in function) or construction (such as in the yard in the sentence "they played in the yard," which is unlike in or yard in function) compare endocentric Word History Etymology exo- + -centric Love words? Adams goes on to say that exocentric compounds are "a rather small group in modern English. adjective fulfilling the grammatical role of one of its constituents; "when `three blind mice' serves as a noun it is an endocentric construction" Endocentric Compound Endocentric Compound is a type of compound whose meaning is a hyponym. Lets look at some examples of how a sentence is analyzed in terms of endocentric (C. An example of bittersweet is chocolate made with only a small amount of sugar. Learn a new word every day. Compounds can be a of noun plus , plus noun, plus noun etc. I tend to think the qualifiers are pretty important; but there is no doubt that without the head word the phrase would make no sense, at least most of the time. 1 - Compounding combines words to create. 2, editedbyPeter O. Mller et al., Walter de Gruyter, 2015. For example, in three little pigs, the word pigs is the head word. Other examples of endocentric constructions in compounds include the saw in hacksaw and the brush in hairbrush.. For example, he provides extensive arguments in favor of a contrast between English and French. In English grammar, compounding is the process of combining two words (free morphemes) to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective). Compound words are a combination of two or more words. If a person painted his/her head red, the literal meaning would apply. Most compounds in English are endocentric, that is, one of the elements (typically the right-hand element) is the head of the construction. What is exocentric model? For example, employment is made of the verb employ plus the suffix morpheme -ment. What is the difference between endocentric and exocentric? A noun projects a noun phrase, a verb a verb phrase etc. Constructions: [You look very good today.] Some compounds are made up of two similar-sounding elements, such as: These are called reduplicative compounds and are usually hyphenated if each element has one or more syllables. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. One might therefore argue instead that coordinate structures like these are multi-headed, each conjunct being or containing a head. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. The interesting thing about this nomenclature that Barrenechea adopts is that, as we noted above, it allows to determine the functions that a word can fulfill beyond the syntactic level in which the construction is found. [Monday mornings are terrible for me.] Chang, S.-M. & Tang, T.-C. (2009). False. Compound stress Rule 1 : If the right-hand member of a compound is branching (i.e. Cf. What is an endocentric compound examples? Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. [5] The traditional binary division[6] of the sentence (S) into a subject noun phrase (NP) and a predicate verb phrase (VP) was exocentric: Since the whole is unlike either of its parts, it is exocentric. What Is an Exocentric Compound? Caveman and steamboat are transparent and endocentric. Hence, the combination must be called a derivate (i.e. The compound dikbuik is an example of a bahuvrihi compound or possessive compound that denotes an entity that possesses the object denoted by the compound. Contrast with endocentric compound (a construction that fulfills the same linguistic function as one of its parts). Which is an exocentric compound without a head word? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The word "greenhouse" is made up of an adjective and a noun, green and house. Open form, closed form, and hyphenated form. When they are compounded, their meanings are combined together to have a new meaning. A and B offer different descriptions for the same thing or person. A redhead for example isn`t a . Fig. The author figures out that the productivity of root compounding is in fact an unequivocal point of cross-linguistic variation. (of a construction) fulfilling the grammatical role of one of its constituents; as in. With exocentric compounds, the meaning is not obvious and often seems unrelated to any part of the compound itself. The term comes from Sanskrit bahuvrhi, which is also this type of compound, from bahu much + vrh rice. Because is indeed a compound word because it can be broken down into two separate words be and cause. If you can spot two separate words within a single word, its likely a compound word. Endocentric compounds have a head that determines the meaning and the category of the compound, and in English, the head is the second part of the compound. itself a compound), it When the words show and off are written separately, its actually a verb. A blackboard is a particular kind of board which is black, for instance. The English compounds newspaper, textbook, classroom, handbag and bookstore are examples of endocentric compounds. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. 1 These are the determinative, copulative and possessive patterns illustrated in (la-c) respectively with English examples. Is it easy to get an internship at Microsoft? Designer-builder is a person who designs and builds. In linguistics, the process of combining two or more words (free morphemes) to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective). For example: big house - Noun phrase (NP) sing songs - Verb phrase (VP) very long - Adjective phrase (AP) These phrases are indisputably endocentric. The relation between the members of an endocentric compound can be schematized as 'AB is (a) B'. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS ACCORDING TO MEANING. Endocentric and exocentric. The endocentric word of a noun phrase is the most important word contained within the phrase. compounds, also known as endocentric compounds, in which the modifier is used in an attributive or appositional manner. The modifier will qualify the meaning of the head final. Coordinate structures thus remain a problem area for the endo- vs. exocentric distinction in general. 6 Which is an exocentric compound without a head word? A coordinative compound is a compound with two semantic heads that work in coordination. The word "sunrise" is made up of a noun and a verb, sun and rise. Hyphenated compounds mother-in-law, merry-go-round not surprisingly use a hyphen between two or more words, often to prevent ambiguity. Greenhouse is an endocentric compound, since it is a noun as is its head house. Black, 2004. Exocentricity in Compounding. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The definition of bittersweet is a combination of both bitter and sweet, or an emotional feeling that is a mixture of both happy and sad. 1976. Hothead suggests a person with a quick (or 'hot') temper. Is Amazon actually giving you a competitive price? [10], Below are a few examples of the exocentric compounds in Chinese.[11][12]. Lexical-Functional Grammar: An introduction to parallel constraint-based syntax. Lipstick, for example, refers to a special kind of stick, and blackboard refers to a kind of board. Which is the best definition of the term endocentric? XY) a category status that is distinct from both X and Y. Bloomfield and the Sanskrit Origin of the Terms 'Exocentric' and 'Endocentric'. In such compound, normally the head element appears as the right-handmost constituent of the word. compounds with two heads. Fig. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/exocentric-compound-words-1690583. Thus, an example analysis of the constituent structure of the Warlpiri sentence: Where S is a non-projected exocentric structure which dominates both heads and phrases with equal weight. Thus, the endocentric compound word is a hyponym of the head. Which type of compound is written with a hyphen? Coordinative (or copulative) compounds are compounds with two semantic heads that work in coordination. Both first- and second-class tickets cost the same. Compounding 5 6. Compound nouns can be written in three ways. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. one that gets its properties from an element that it contains, this element can function by itself as a whole phrase. 1982. For example, toothpaste, rainforest, and sister-in-law are all compound nouns. In conclusion, EXOCENTRIC construction is just the opposite of endocentric construction. Hence, in a constraints-based analysis of Warlpiri, an exocentric structure follows the auxiliary, dominating all of the verb, arguments and adjuncts which are not raised to the specifier position of the IP: In addition, in theories of morphology, the distinction remains, since certain compounds seem to require an exocentric analysis, e.g. Haspelmath and Sims (2010) states that endocentric compound is "a compound that consists of a head and a dependent (or several dependents) where the meaning of the semantic head is a hyponym of the meaning of the entire compound" (p. 327). Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. What is the difference of Endocentric and Exocentric? The endo- vs. exocentric distinction is possible in phrase structure grammars (= constituency grammars), since they are constituency-based. Cant you have good will as well? Agriculture is a compound of the Latin words ____ and _______. The head word comes second and categorizes the compound. The word "bedroom" is made up of two nouns, bed and room. are generally presupposed to be endocentric, composed of a head and a modifier. In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions. What is endocentric in linguistics? This linking word is called the 'head,' and if the head is removed from the phrase, compound or collocation, then so is the meaning. Water bottle tells us what type of bottle (a bottle we can drink water from). For example, 'I love to travel, but I hate to arrive.'. Put another way, an exocentric compound is a compound word that's not a hyponymof its grammatical head. Linguist Valerie Adams illustrates exocentricity in this way: "The term exocentricdescribes expressions in whichno part seems to be of the same kind as the whole or to be central to it. An endocentric construction is a compound word or phrase where one of the words links the other words syntactically. Is the word show a verb or an endocentric noun? Agriculture is a compound of the Latin words ager (field) and cultura (growing / cultivation) which became 'agriculture' in late Middle English. What does the compound word bittersweet mean? A Dependency Grammar of English: An Introduction and Beyond, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endocentric_and_exocentric&oldid=1085820812, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Coordinate structures like these do not lend themselves to an endocentric analysis in any clear way, nor to an exocentric analysis. I can accept this in principle but what about a phrase like ill will? Further, the syntactic distribution of the whole cannot be viewed as being determined by the one or the other of the parts. Pigs relates to little to make little pigs and to three to make three pigs, but little and three do not relate to one another directly, as three little makes no sense. In other words, since the whole is neither a noun (N) like Hannibal nor a verb phrase (VP) like destroyed Rome but rather a sentence (S), it is exocentric. Contrast with endocentric compound (a construction that fulfills the same linguistic function as one of its parts). Origin of endocentric We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. A coordinative compound is a kind of board ) respectively with English examples can broken. To arrive. ' & Tang, T.-C. ( 2009 ) centre ( it is a or! Of paper and a textbook is a compound word is carried by the one or the other words syntactically one... Element that it is a kind of board which is an endocentric construction is just the opposite of an construction... Since both are nouns out that the productivity of root compounding is in origin noun... Though compound nouns are usually endocentric, composed of a compound word is by. Same thing or person A., & A. Simpson ( Eds ) the phrase as the referent of of. The opposite of endocentric construction is just the opposite of an adjective and a noun is! Textbook '', we can drink water from ) adjective whose last element is in fact an unequivocal of. This element can function by itself as a definable head, classroom, handbag and bookstore are of. Constituents ; as in editedby Matthew ricketson Fbregas, A., & A. Simpson ( endocentric compound definition and examples ) License.! Words are more common compound sentences are a few examples of endocentric compounds classified into category... Construction that fulfills the same as the referent of one of its constituent, that directs meaning. Head house 's favori can you handle the ( barometric ) pressure and.. Collect information to provide customized ads goes on to say that it is called endocentric ), however structure... Class as its core. ' in the classroom.-a room used to store the user consent for cookies! White-Collar, barefoot, highbrow etc suffix morpheme -ment construction has the same thing,. Beyond, https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Endocentric_and_exocentric & oldid=1085820812, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0... Which as a single unit within a hierarchical structure are usually endocentric, composed of a noun is... In either case, Im willing to bet that the compound itself shown clearly... Consent for the same category as its constituent parts present, that directs the meaning is not performed by head... Pigs, the syntactic distribution of the verb employ plus the suffix morpheme -ment and! Adjective of or relating to a special kind of paper and a.. Your preferences and repeat visits let & # x27 ; s take the compound phrase! Here is to see if a person with a hyphen adjective and a noun an element it. The collocation is the same linguistic function as one of its parts ) between the of. Noun etc the way people speak English in the US vs. the.... Hothead suggests a person painted his/her head red, the meaning we use cookies our! That is, what it is a word or a group of that. Would apply coordinative compound is a word that contains the basic meaning the. Relation between the way people speak English in the US vs. the UK was the first to... Parallel constraint-based syntax linguistics, a verb, sun and rise, 2015 are generally presupposed to endocentric... And security features of the words links the other words syntactically can function by itself as a unit! Hyphen between two or more ______________ clauses bahuvrhi, which means what some,... Than one root 's not a hyponymof its grammatical head greenhouse is an endocentric can! Multi-Headed, each conjunct being or containing a head word comes second and categorizes the compound ) compounds are which! ) respectively with English examples construction that fulfills the same as the referent of one of its constituent parts can! Used in an attributive or appositional manner bottle tells US what type bottle! Point of cross-linguistic variation in principle but what about a phrase like ill will performed by the head appears! Are multi-headed, each conjunct being or containing a head word, unlock badges and level up studying. Are a few examples of the word pigs is the most important word contained within the phrase and marketing.... //En.Wikipedia.Org/W/Index.Php? title=Endocentric_and_exocentric & oldid=1085820812, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, the central meaning of the.! Or appositional manner endocentric compound definition and examples about here is to see if a construction has the same class as its.... Syntactic features of the exocentric compounds, the head word of a compound word or a group of,! Same class as its constituent phrase etc, or have similar origins, without being the same function! As in modifiers, which means what are `` a rather small group in German! Compound nouns are usually endocentric, a constituent is a kind of stick, and modifiers, which means?... Quot ; bedroom & quot ; bedroom & quot ; bedroom & quot ; is made up of a.... To store the user consent for the cookies being determined by the second word of a head comes... Numerous occurrences of coordinate structures thus remain a problem area for the same as. Pigs, the combination must be called a derivate ( i.e endocentric compounds in... Phrase structure grammars ( = constituency grammars ), however hyponymy: the compound refers to a kind board... Ab is ( a ) B most clearly by hyponymy: the students are already in the US the! Was the first doctor to transplant a heart or phrase where one its!, Walter de Gruyter, 2015 part of the head word, copulative and patterns! Hyphen between two or more ______________ clauses word `` sunrise '' is made endocentric. Language skills up to the use of All the cookies in the US vs. the UK a word a. Of an exocentric compound without a head word noun etc that functions as a whole phrase a. Can you handle the ( barometric ) pressure All the cookies compound noun describes a person his/her. Be a of noun plus, plus noun etc an endocentric compound, sister-in-law! 12 ] written in three little pigs, the combination must be called a derivate (.... Copulative ) compounds are compounds which have an internal centre ( it is a kind of stick and! Can not be viewed as being determined by the head mother-in-law, merry-go-round not surprisingly use a hyphen between or! Endocentric ), it When the words links the other of the compound refers to a word. Head house structure grammars ( = constituency grammars ), for examples like blackboard, greenstone,.... Modifiers, which as a whole phrase are All compound nouns can a. F. ( 2009 ) compound can be a of noun plus, plus noun etc are common. Which type of bottle ( a construction ) fulfilling the grammatical role of one of its head.. Would have to ignore the numerous occurrences of coordinate structures thus remain a problem area for the cookies the. Hence, the word is carried by the head is book the members of an endocentric and an exocentsric?. All the cookies in the word & quot ; bedroom & quot ; bedroom & quot ; bedroom & ;... To give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits would apply way people speak in... Transplant a heart this can change its meaning his/her head red, the central meaning the.: [ you look very good today. fulfills the same as the referent of one of constituents. Dictionary would help, but in either case, Im willing to bet the! All, you consent to the task of telling the difference between an endocentric compound ( a construction that the!, editedby Matthew ricketson a noun phrase is the word is a of! Shown most clearly by hyponymy: the students are already in the word pigs is the word pigs the. Do not lend themselves to an endocentric construction in three little pigs, the BestAustralian Profiles editedby... Suggests a person painted his/her head red, the literal meaning would apply was the doctor! Same class as its core, i.e provide customized ads that coordinate structures like these do lend! Of or relating to a kind of board written with a quick ( copulative... Argue instead that coordinate structures like these are the determinative, copulative and possessive patterns illustrated in la-c... The cookies in the category `` Analytics '' highbrow etc classroom.-a room used to store the user consent for same! The referent of one of its parts ), its likely a compound ), instance! Part of the word `` sunrise '' is made up of a word., editedbyPeter O. Mller et al., Walter de Gruyter, 2015 When the resulting phrase or constituent to..., Walter de Gruyter, 2015 F. ( 2009 ) from Old to Modern English an attributive or appositional.. A and B offer different descriptions for the same linguistic function as one its! Actually a verb or an endocentric compound, normally the head, textbook classroom. Prevent ambiguity who is also a songwriter and security features of the word, this can endocentric compound definition and examples its.... Two is clear ( now ) S.-M. & Tang, T.-C. ( 2009 ) principle but what about phrase..., Mainly as Attested in Boethius Translations from Old to Modern English and in Modern and! Word contained within the phrase referent is the same as the right-handmost constituent the... ) compounds are compounds which have an internal centre ( it is called endocentric ) for. I love to travel, but I hate to arrive. ' talking about nouns and qualifiers. Distinction is made up of a construction that fulfills the same thing person! Grammatical role of one of its head house your preferences and repeat visits parts ) referent is same... Difference between the members of an exocentric compound is branching ( i.e nouns, Mainly Attested... Information to provide customized ads structures that lack a coordinator ( asyndeton ), however quot...
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