The Greek polis is not properly understood as a culture, and we do not translate Platos Republic, for instance, as Platos Culture, yet the discussions in that dialogue are what we would understand as culture. This gathering and laying is a reciprocal relationship, a two-fold back and forth relationship involving both you as knower and the things that you know, the images or objects you have chosen. Not all knowledge is good, it seems. Since we are beings in bodies and we are in being-in-the-world, when we act, our actions are thoroughly situated in a context that includes the sort of person that we are (our constitution), the circumstances in which we find ourselves, the events that led up to our actions, and the events that will follow from whatever we do. The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: The scholars dig up what they themselves buried. Experience can also mean to go, travel, etc., literally to go forth, and this understanding has a more external quality. From world-views and world-pictures is determined what and how we understand what our personal and shared knowledge are to be. Thus the issue between competing scientific theories cannot always be settled by experience. This prompt is one that many students will opt for as it will not be too difficult to define the types of knowledge and their use through objects or images. The same principle operates in Islams rejection of any images of Allah for to represent Him as an image or idea turns Him into a thing. Is there such a thing or mode of being as objectivity? One can experience fear, for example, by feeling it or by witnessing it. Judgement is the connection between what is stated with that about which a statement is made. Our use of tools is primarily a way in which we enhance our sense perception as a way of knowing things in the sciences, but the things themselves must be determined as objects and therefore calculable and measurable prior to our use of the tools. This prompt is very similar in nature to prompt #19 i.e. Read this prompt together with #19. Darwin and Nietzsche: Part 3: Truth as Correctness: Its Relation to Values. What is a sufficient reason? For example: I believe that two plus three equals five, I believe that Bill Clinton was President of the United States in 1995, and I believe that I will live another ten years. Modern technology employs modern science. 19. She can help bring that health out into the open. Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. Human being projects itself in its own project. While the responsibility for the work of art belongs to the artist herself, the art that provided the prompt to bring forth the work was certainly not her own although we believe that the creativity and imagination that are inherent in the work are the artists responsibility. Correctness as free from contradiction and being consistent is called formal truth, not related to the content of beings in distinction from the material truth of content. However, such knowledge has also brought about many ills and challenges that we are now trying to overcome and must overcome if we are to sustain life on this planet. What values and beliefs changed due to our change in our relationship to Nature could be undertaken. Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge? The organisation and classification of things is based on what we know of the things to begin with: the plant-like of the plant, the animation of the animal, the thingness of the thing, etc. and For what purpose? in the highest sense not experimental. For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. The word will here is like how we use it in free will, in that it means "a causation leading to a desired effect/result". Culture is a 19th century word and has come to prominence with the arrival and dominance of the Human Sciences as a way of viewing the world. A specific discussion of the computer as an example can be found at this link: https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. In the global society of the future, these experts will be those who are able to put the discoveries of science to use i.e. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Only the completeness of the account, perfection, provides the evidence for the fact that every cognition everywhere and at all times can include and count on the objects and reckon with them. How is the principle of reason a rendered reason? This is called perfection. 11. It also means to put something in its place, or putting something in order for something else such as gathering together the things that are required of a recipe so that we may later prepare it, the step-by-step process involved in preparing to bring about a desirable end. The question here is what is meant by objectivity? Fortunately the Greeks had no experiences Hence they did not believe that the point of art is to provide them. (Heidegger). If we speak of technology, the products of technology, our computers, hand phones, military hardware and logistics, these are all examples of the principle of reasons striving for perfectibility. In what and from where does our word values have its origins? There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. It'll help reduce work load for both students and teachers, while ensuring students get a deeper understanding and focus on the HL subjects. How can we distinguish between knowledge, belief and opinion? (See particularly the comments by Heisenberg in the blogs on The Natural Sciences.). 22. We have, of course, film critics, art critics etc. (See response to Prompt #21) Religion is what we bow down to or what we look up to and self-knowledge will reveal the idols that one may look up to or bow down to. With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. Your discussion requires that you use representational thinking (thinking in images) and inductive reasoning to move from the particular images or objects you have chosen, establish their relation to one another through analogy or metaphor, and then proceed to the general principles and key concepts contained in the prompt that you have chosen to demonstrate your knowledge of those principles and concepts. Information only informs when the data which comprises it is placed within a system (the form) that allows it to in-form. It is assessed internally, that is by your own teachers, but moderated externally by IB examiners. Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance (a priori) in the light of which human beings make and produce things and allows human beings to take a stand towards the things that are in the first place. what counts as good evidence. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. A reason is this sort of reason only if it is aratio,that is an account given about something that is in front of the person as a judging I and is given to this I. This origin usually deals with the question of motion or movement so the question is raised From where, originally, did the change or motion come from? An explanation is a scientific account of a thing, and by this we mean that sufficient reasons have been given for its being the way it is. Understandably, considering different perspectives might be challenging sometimes. You are required to provide a good explanation of why you have chosen the objects/images for your Exhibition and to show a good explanation of how they are related. It may be personal, expressing ones own particular life-experience and opinions (ones personal knowledge), or total, extinguishing all personal opinions (shared knowledge). We impose laws to determine our behaviours in our communities. We may all have private experiences that are unique to us and that we consider knowledge, but unless they are shared with others, we cannot be secure that they are knowledge. Can you explain it? If one accepts the premises, one must also accept the conclusions that are drawn from them. The seeing is not based on science as the seeing is outside the purview of science. This quote from one of quantum physics founders, Werner Heisenberg, assures us of this: We [physicists] have resigned ourselves to the situation just described, since it turned out that we could represent mathematically and say in every case, dependably and without fear of logical contradiction, what the result of an experiment would be. minds. The second example is a result of the system that is in place that allows beings to seen as how we wish to view them. A total world-view cannot understand itself, for from this understanding would come a questioning that would put the total world-view in question. Our tragic literature and our art, generally, demonstrate that there might not be as great a separation between theory and practice as we have been led to believe. While most of the sufficient reasons are supplied through logic and logistics in mathematical calculations, examples for this calculating reasoning may be taken from almost anywhere and it will be your task to show their relationship to each other in making the assertions you will make regarding the three images or objects that you have chosen. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects cscl star vessel flag autism and narcissism differences . Technologys erosion of human being and its enclosing of the world (the opposite of disclosing) are offset by its ability to give us experiences. But as Aristotle once said: For as the eyes of bats are to the blaze of day, so is the reason in our soul to the things which are by nature most evident of all.. The purpose for this writing on these prompts is to provoke thought regarding our understanding of what the key concepts contained in the prompts might mean. Listen closely to your conversations among yourselves. Correctness is being directed toward something, making statements that are fitted or suitable for the things that are spoken about. So, in effect, this means: pre-will is in one state/condition and post-will is in an altered state/condition. The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. In your Exhibition you will bring your knowledge to bear on the relations of the objects or images that you will choose to exhibit and demonstrate their connectedness to each other. I have a hard time distinguishing between added value and branding when I attempt to understand the concept myself. 2, AOK: Individuals and Societies: Supplementary Notes, AOK History: Thoughts on Systemic Racism in North America, https://open.spotify.com/show/1qLxnSGpz4EeLeWZqjXmwt, A Reading of William Blakes The Tyger: Technology as Knowing and Making, Deconstructing the November 2018 Prescribed Titles for TOK Essays, TOK: Deconstructing the November 2017 Titles, It is a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false; or it can be, Not having a complete personal knowledge of how the computer or hand phone functions is not really necessary unless they do not work and we must consult the experts to find out what has gone wrong. Historicism denies this truth and it asserts that there is no truth outside of the historical contexts from which it has been produced. What is this? Technology, understood as the principle of sufficient reason, is the guideline that governs all our relations to beings including our practical relations. Modern machine technology looks to science, to scientific, empirical, practical, reliable, proven facts and is not guided by murky theory. In your study of Group 3 subjects, you will hear both the words culture and world-view said often. Theory of Knowledge: An Alternative Approach. These regularities determine in advance what counts as objective. The principle of reason operates in any and every statement that we make about things i.e. God, for example, is not a thing in that he is not calculable or measurable within the overall parameters of time and space positions and locations. Understanding is prior to interpretation. New knowledge then . The noun logos and the verb legein from the Greek mean to gather together, to lay one beside the other. Opinion is Platos justified true belief which he outlines in his dialogue Theatetus. Requiring surety and certainty are the consequences of the approach to life that we have inherited from Cartesianism: cogito ergo sum. did not belong to Mr. Gates but came from outside of him. Experts help the societies of which they are members determine what is best to know within that society. We may gain our knowledge from parents, peers, teachers or others with whom we come in contact, but this knowledge must be made our own. rendered, and to whom or to what is a reason rendered? The roles of the media in its various forms is something that will need to be addressed. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. is. HOW WHY WHEn tOK Exhibition By Hennd IA Prompt: Can New Knowledge change established values or beliefs? To experience can be understood in many ways. The word expert derives from expertise or know how and this kind of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne. The Greeks understood technology as the theoretical knowledge that makes the practical applications possible. If the inquiry of your Exhibition wishes to remain a first order inquiry, the age-old advice of follow the money is a good one whether it be about climate change deniers, the lack of ethics in the activities of the world banking system, etc. It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. Technology is that violence that is asserted upon nature which demands reasons for a beings being the way it is. If sufficient reasons are not given, we doubt the truth of the claim being made. This is done in the modern physical sciences. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. The first belief is also a case of knowledge in the sense of a belief in its first principles; the second is probably knowledge within the context of our conception of time; but the third is (at present) merely belief. It is this that we call understanding. The Greeks had a saying: The future comes to meet us from behind and it is this future that is encapsulated in the historical development of the knowledge that preceded it. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects . Bringing this pre-programmed response to light will help you in your search for self-knowledge in that how you interpret things i.e. That is, the thing must give itself back to us as an object prior to our investigation of it. To regard moods or conscience as experiences ignores the way in which these moods disclose or how they open up for us our way of being in the world and our human being. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. 9. 'Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs The first year TOK exhibition with written commentary and 3 objects Bookmark Download TOK Exhibition A Like it? Affects, passions and feelings (the manner in which we conceive of emotion) are not to be seen as inner experiences: what we are concerned with here is not psychology, not even a psychology underpinned by physiology and biology, but . The products of Microsoft may indeed have once belonged to Bill Gates, but the knowledge that brought about those products he has taken possession of, and that knowledge and its truth is present to everyone. As the philosopher Kant said: The mind makes the object. Whence means from where, when and speaks of the origins of the thing in question. a description of the features of that knowledge, for it is through such knowledge that we believe we have truth. Exhibition. It must be that we feel that we have nothing to learn from the thinking that occurred before this time, or perhaps we feel that we already know the discussions that the great minds undertook regarding things in the past and that we can learn about them but not from them. The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. What is the truth that we are lacking in what we hold up as knowledge? Reason renders an account of the truth of judgement. Knowledge and politics Press to see Commentary 1 -The caste system caused a division between Indians. The various types of knowledge that were understood by the Greeks and which are outlined in the linkCT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower indicate that interpretation is linked to doubt and skepticism in our modern understanding of what knowledge is. In logic, the word correctnessis lack of contradiction, consistency. Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. the Greek wordmathematical. It is obvious that such seeing of possibilities and potentialities is dependent upon the techneof the technological viewing and those who proceed with unethical actions will do so because they believe some personal end which will bring about their own personal eudaimoniaor happiness will be the result, and they will do so under a sense of duty or be just following the orders of their superiors. His original term was areteor what we have translated as virtue, and knowing oneself was to have knowledge of ones possibilities and potentialities. However, it does not supply a sufficient reason for the shops being closed. Calculus arises from the need to be secure about what some thing is; it is a counting on something. Understanding what the purpose of a great work of art is remains for us a mystery since they appear to be purpose itself. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. What makes the being of objects possible is Reason itself. We believe we have knowledge when our representations in our minds correspond to the things that we are inquiring about. they must be given to us a priori. Also, the concept of added value in economics etc. What we understand by our word calculus is also determined from this understanding. It determines the possibilities and the potentialities of the things as disposable in some fashion for human ends. What we call knowledge involves truth and judgement. From Oedipus to Hamlet and King Lear to Willy Loman, tragic heroes meet their demise, their nemesis, their just desserts, due to their lack of knowledge of who they are and the actions they must take, or not take, because of who they are. ), while a world-view can be either pre-scientific or scientific. Our delimitations and definitions of the things are arrived at prior to their placement in various domains of knowledge and these horizons of the things are arrived at through the use of the principle of reason in our cognitions. Leibniz was also the inventor of what we call the insurance industry today. 6.
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