3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. Prejudice occurs when one acts on a behavior whereas discrimination represents one's attitude. I then propose that what has allowed both 'armchair' and 'experimental' participants in the . c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment One day, the power goes out. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. In these situations, there is a discrepancy between our positive concept of our skills and abilities and the negative stereotypes suggesting poor performance. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. relationships and domestic topics. In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. Men find it easier to excel in leadership positions, whereas women have to work hard to overcome the false beliefs about their lack of leadership abilities (Phelan & Rudman, 2010). Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. It can help in increasing cooperation among individuals because sharing a common goal often provides a core focus for the groups, generally taking focus off apparent differences. During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. All Hispanics are nonwhite. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. His categorization revolves around the premises discussed in the deductions as well as the conditions required for arguments to prove them correct. d. all of the above. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. b. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. a. racism performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. New York, NY: Doubleday. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. c. patterns of discrimination are easily fixed by individuals. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? movies, and theater b. benevolent; hostile social impairment Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). 26 percent; 6 percent Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. is/are true? b. b) Secondary research is done after primary research. Battling doubt by avoiding practice: The effects of stereotype threat on self-handicapping in White athletes. The result? Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a . highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. c. hostile sexism. If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. a. stereotyping. Price Waterhouse criticized her for all except: New York, NY: Harcourt & Brace. When our stereotypes lead us to be believe that we are likely to perform poorly on a task, we experience a feeling of unease and status threat. The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? d. poor diet. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. b. Prejudice: Its social psychology. b. physical attractiveness c. "The average student does his homework every night." Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? The belief that male behaviors, roles, and experiences are the standards for society is known as 3 behavioral The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. c. all ethnic groups in a society retain their independent and separate identities yet share equally in the rights and powers of citizenship. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. Nosek, B. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. He has shared this information with his Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. b. f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} ceremonies d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? c. laws limiting the rights of blacks in South Africa under apartheid 18. a. Dred Scott v. Sandford Furthermore, attempting to prevent our stereotype from coloring our reactions to others takes effort. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. b. discriminating. 34, pp. c. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. Eastern European Americans a. ageism Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? text, which of the following titles would be most helpful to her? D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. b. benevolent sexism. Swim, J. K. (1994). involvement 2 cognitive Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. School Liberty University - Lynchburg, VA. c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. (2004). In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. b. . The speed of these responses is used to determine an individuals stereotypes or prejudice. social facilitation (1999). Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). The nature of prejudice. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. 1 He made a situational attribution. morris minor cars for sale in arkansas; treasure inside jokes 0 Home. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. a. only prejudiced people will discriminate. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. d. Ireland; urban. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. Guimond, S. (2000). b. prejudice 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. a. Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. Social strategies. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Judd, C. M., & Park, B. Lee, Y. T., Jussim, L. J., & McCauley, C. R. (1995). 3 One confederate gave a correct response. d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. All states have workers' compensation laws. Login; Register; b. hostile sexism. (1996). Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students? b. women under age 35; women over age 35 a. Northwestern Europe. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. This difference is an example of Because the threat is in the air, Black students may be negatively influenced by it. c. Brown v. Board of Education poses than in active poses. Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . b. Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences. b. Germany; urban \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. d. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general as well as the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. II. (Ed.). a. prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. 2 A girl marries the boy next door. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 335354. An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. b. discrimination. Dwayne was recently diagnosed with terminal cancer. b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith 1959 )? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. Mexican Americans c. the biological inferiority of blacks Because they hold these beliefs, it is possiblealthough not guaranteedthat they may use them when responding to other people, creating a subtle and unconscious type of discrimination. d. all of the above. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. c. assimilation. b. c. Cuban Americans Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are a. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. The Integrity survey includes statements . The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). (2005). b. Donald Trump expresses the kind of racism that is typical in contemporary American politics. a. modern sexism. Race in the making: Cognition, culture and the childs construction of human kinds. d. El Salvadoran Americans, During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction? Gender stereotyping research that focused on the ethnicity of the target found that: Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? B. in-group bias Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. Dwayne a. a. Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the source of an action as something ________. a. interpersonal racism. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. a. c. multiculturalism. Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. significance level. b. Polarized appraisals of out-group members. men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. d. depiction of female communion and male agency, Currently, nearly equal numbers of females and males appear as central characters in: c. TV commercials. Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race? See Page 1. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. c. women, regardless of their ethnicity, are generally viewed as unpleasant. Stereotype lift. Which of the following minority groups is the largest? media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views.
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