While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. He placed North Carolina and eventually other states under appointed provisional governors chosen mostly from among prominent southern politicians who had opposed the secession movement and had rendered no conspicuous service to the Confederacy. If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) universal male suffrage, Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Think. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo What was the purpose of the Black Codes which were enacted in Southern states in 1865 and 1866? To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's Economic Growth and Development 18151860, Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream and any corresponding bookmarks? 5. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. He antagonized the northern voters. How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. xT+&DLeD The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s Maintaining a visible and active presence of Union troops in the South to facilitate the peaceful operation of government and Reconstruction was expensive and frustrating to many in Congress. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? Sharecropping. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? No. Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. Expert Help. %%EOF Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. no, although many blacks stopped participating. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. Alexander Stephens. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. it was now all white corruption so did not attract as much attention. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. Voter fatigue- northerners were tired of worrying about it and hearing about it. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. Return to slavery in a different way. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. To conclude, the Reconstruction was almost a complete failure. Conclusion: The Effects of Reconstruction - Course Hero HUKo0WhUK( The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. The Radical. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. What were Black Codes, and why were they created? Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and 0 Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. Jabir ibn Hayyan replaced the.. of a misinformed philosophy with the rigors of objective experimentation. The first federal immigration restrictions were passed during this time. Reconstruction Quiz Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. for freed slaves. In this There was no profit for workers. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Lincoln "pocket-vetoed" this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned. ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. How did whites regain political control in the south? Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. WebQuestion 1 What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. plan was the easiest on the South? Previous 2. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Question 4 Over the next two years, partially due to the help of newly enfranchised African American male voters, all ten states complied with the Reconstruction Acts mandates. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. What problems were faced by the freed slaves? Women still could not vote. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. Failure of Reconstruction (video) | Khan Academy Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. Which plan was the hardest on the South? The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T WebThe Emancipation Proclamation had freed only those enslaved in rebellious states, leaving many enslaved peoplemost notably, those in the border statesin bondage; furthermore, it did not alter or prohibit the institution of slavery in general. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. This was all Congress needed to begin impeachment proceedings. Think about the italicized questions This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. What tactics were used? Congress enacted its Reconstruction program over Johnson's veto. CAm? Write a short essay on how social contexts surrounding a person can contribute to his or her upbringing, beliefs and overall quality of life. WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the Reconstruction (113M These expanding Northern cities were a draw for much of the dislocated workforce in the Southincluding newly freed slaves. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. `a{/uXZO`qf\ v-Nf. What tactic was used? WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. Civil War & Reconstruction Part 2 Quiz - Quizizz What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. Evaluating Reconstruction .docx - Course Hero Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. blacks could vote and hold office. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. Did Congress do anything about white violence? All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. 0 The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. Who was the Republican leader in the House?
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