After several days of further debate, including questions over whether the two-thirds majority was to be calculated from total members in the body or of the members present, the House narrowly passed the Senates version on December 9 by a vote of 83 to 42 (of members present), just over the two-thirds requirement. Briefly describe ONE development that contributed to the passage of New Deal legislation in the 1930s. (a) China The Southern states objected, arguing that they would be disadvantaged in a popular election in proportion to their actual populations because of the large numbers of enslaved people in those states who could not vote. Executive, Florida, with only New Jersey and Delaware against. But over time, all but two states (Maine and Nebraska) passed laws to give all of their electoral votes to the candidate who wins the states popular vote count. For 32 of the United States first 36 years, a slave-holding Virginian occupied the White House (John Adams from Massachusetts was the exception). THIS IS ONE PRACTICAL WAY TO DO AWAY WITH THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND ALSO THE POPULAR VOTE FOR SELECTING A PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FUTURE. Copyright 20102023, The Conversation Media Group Ltd. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention had to invent an entire new form of government. I am not fixated on percentage of the popular vote, but I think we need to have some revision to the electoral college. Originally, the Electoral College provided the Constitutional Convention with a compromise between two main proposals: the popular election of the President and the election of the President by Congress. The United States on Eve of 1800 Election. They vote by ballot separately for President and Vice President (at least one of the candidates must be from another state). But, election by county would seem to represent the will of a wider variety of people. I must admit though, I am not a constitutional scholar. 2. While there is evidence that the founders assumed the electors would be independent actors, weighing the merits of competing presidential candidates, they have been regarded as agents of the public will since the first decade under the Constitution. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They expected electors to be respectable, well-informed citizens. The amendment also gave the Senate responsibility to select the Vice President if no candidate won a majority of the Vice Presidential electoral vote, added provisions that the Vice President would act as President should the House of Representatives fail to select a President by inauguration day, and said that no individual constitutionally ineligible to be President could serve as Vice President. So before pontificating on the future please first understand the past. Describe ONE similarity between the experience of African-Americans. And even more important, the Constitution says nothing about how the states should allot their electoral votes. Q: What is the Electoral College? Shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War, American leaders realized that the nation needed a new, stronger Constitution. Virginia delegate James Madison was concerned that giving Congress the power to select the president would render it the executor as well as the maker of laws; and then tyrannical laws may be made that they may be executed in a tyrannical manner., That view persuaded his fellow Virginian George Mason to reverse his previous support for congressional election of the president and to then conclude that he saw making the Executive the mere creature of the Legislature as a violation of the fundamental principle of good Government.. The Electoral College was never intended to be the perfect system for picking the president, says George Edwards III, emeritus political science professor at Texas A&M University. "The northern states did not think enslaved people should be counted at all, while the southern slaveholding states thought they should.". And they also agreed on giving the president the power to veto laws but only if his veto was subject to an override. We call them great because they are. All Rights Reserved. Or mob rule. By the election of 1800, political parties had arisen. Which of the following is true of the slave system in eighteenth-century British North America? And since the electors never met as a national body but instead in their respective states, there was less likelihood of corruption or cabal. Its not as pithy as the musical, perhaps, but the point is clear: Dont trust the state legislatures. THERE WERE NO COUNTIES. The Electoral College is outlined in Article II, Section 1, of the U.S. Constitution. What Is the Electoral College? Electors, however, could not vote for two people from their state, and if no candidate received a majority or there was a tie, the Senate would choose the President from the top five electoral vote recipients. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They are expected to vote for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates of the party that nominated them. By tradition, November was chosen because the harvest was in and farmers were able to take the time needed to vote. Their compromise is known as the Electoral College. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Consequently, and representation. General election ballots, which are regulated by state election laws and authorities, offer voters joint candidacies for President and Vice President for each political party or other groups. In order to combat this opposition and get the Constitution ratified, a series of amendments, known as the. One group of delegates felt strongly that Congress shouldnt have anything to do with picking the president. In early 20th century India, Mohandas Gandhi advocated the policy of satyagraha. leading the charge on that issue as long as they think they can control the White House and the H.R. .IN 2020 WE HAVE 3,974 COUNTIES. Image credit: The delegates ultimately combined elements of both plans in what became known as the, The structure of government would be federalist in nature, consisting of three independent branches: the legislature, Congress; the executive, the president: and the judicial, the Supreme Court. The population of the slaves would be counted as three- fifiths in total when apportioning representatives,as well as presidential elector and taxes. The Missouri Compromise did which of the following? The drafters of the Constitution assumed that electors would vote according to their individual discretion, not the dictates of a state or national party. What was the compromise on the Electoral College called? President: butif no person have a majority. Only the lower house, and the President and Vice President would be elected directly by popular vote. The Constitution's Article II, Section 1 spells out the Electoral College rules. Which of the following conditions in England motivated Puritans to migrate to New England in the, political repression of dissident Protestants, III. The first purpose was to create a buffer between population and the selection of a President. Three ultimately won out, and on October 28, 1803, the House passed the joint resolution by a vote of 88 to 31. WHEN OUR FRAMERS WROTE THE CONSTITUTION THERE WERE 13 COLONIES. These intermediaries wouldnt be picked by Congress or elected by the people. The system calls for the creation, every four years, of a temporary group of electors equal to the total number of representatives in Congress. READ MORE: Why Was the Electoral College Created? 3. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. It was ingenious of the Northerners to use the logic of the slave holders to their advantage. There have been, however, other constitutional amendments, in addition to the 12th, that have altered the Electoral College. Its U.S senators (2 in each state),plus the number of its US representatives, which varies according to the states population. To be elected President of the United States, a candidate needs a majority of 270 electoral votes. Three approaches were debated during the Constitutional Convention: election by Congress, selection by state legislatures and a popular election though the right to vote was generally restricted to white, landowning men. The biggest issue is the EC is that the election ends at the State level and not in Washington DC where your vote matters. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. A. Why was the Electoral College created in the United States? Image credit: Ironically enough, after the acrimonious debates over legislative representation, the small states were the first to ratify the Constitution. One idea was to have the Congress choose the president. Foreign powers How many departments are considered to be the inner cabinet? The votes are then counted and the results are announced by the Vice President. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Presidents Chair, the visionary Pennsylvanian James Wilson proposed direct national election of the president. The total number of electors each state gets are adjusted following each decennial census in a process called reapportionment, which reallocates the number of Members of the House of Representatives to reflect changing rates of population growth (or decline) among the states. The issue was one of the last major issues to be resolved. Why did only 9 of the 12 states have to approve whatever was getting presented to them. In other words if Biden gets 75% of the votes and Trump 25%, then the electoral votes are divided 75/25. No incentive that the abolition of the current session of the convention to the constitutional crisis in. They had adopted the Articles of Confederation during the Revolutionary War, the convention adopted the Electoral College and embedded it in Article II of the Constitution. All Rights Reserved. It is these electors, chosen by the people, who elect the chief executive. Which of the following groups was LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious. These factions were designed by examining political. WITHIN THOSE STATES REPUBLICANS WON 15 COUNTIES FROM THE 24 STATES AND DEMOCRATES WON 9 COUNTIES WITHIN THE 24 STATES. Thank you. Too much opportunity for chummy corruption between the executive and legislative branches. 1. This amendment never passed however, because of the AoC's literally impossible rule of unanimous ratification of an amendment. Originally, the Electoral College provided the Constitutional Convention with a compromise between two main proposals: the popular election of the President and the election of the President by Congress. E. insulate the presidency from the popular will. Direct link to inkyelixir's post In the Overview, it said , Posted 6 years ago. The main issue of contention was if they should change the number of candidates sent to the House from the current five to two or three. Of government people, who elect the chief executive THERE were 13 COLONIES time needed to vote for the and. 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